Con los Fondos de Pensiones y el de los dos ministerios de Educación serían financiados los estudios a jóvenes sin recursos económicos para que cursen carreras universitarias tanto en el país como en territorios internacionales, si se convierte en ley el proyecto de Crédito Educativo que se discute en el Congreso Nacional.
La iniciativa también establecería que se puedan gestionar recursos económicos ante diferentes organismos gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, nacionales e internacionales con el fin de destinarlos a la concesión de crédito educativo.
La propuesta que fue sometida por el diputado Agustín Burgos del Partido Revolucionario Moderno (PRM), el 18 de agosto de 2022, fue aprobada de urgencia en la Cámara de Diputados el pasado dos de febrero y remitido al Senado el martes siete y enviada a la comisión de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología.
Los préstamos serían reembolsables y los estudiantes tendrían que comenzar a pagarlos luego de un año y medio de haber terminado los estudios. El financiamiento corresponderá a un préstamo del Gobierno a los estudiantes.
De ser aprobado por el Senado y promulgado por el Poder Ejecutivo, se crearía la Dirección de Crédito Educativo, que estaría adscrita al Ministerio de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología (Mescyt), y a través de esa entidad se establecerá el fondo millonario para financiar estudios de carreras, cursos técnicos y maestrías a jóvenes empobrecidos del país.
El estudiante deberá presentar, al momento de solicitar el préstamo, dos fiadores solidarios, de los cuales la Dirección de Crédito Educativo elegirá uno, que tendrán las obligaciones y serán codeudores del préstamo realizado por el estudiante.
Fuentes de financiamiento
De acuerdo al proyecto, los recursos económicos del Fondo de Crédito Educativo para financiar a estudiantes provendrán de aportes gubernamentales que no podrán ser inferiores a 65 millones de pesos de parte del Mescyt; 100 millones del Ministerio de Educación (Minerd) y otro aporte de las Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (AFP) que deberá ser de 100 millones de pesos. Estos recursos serían aportados cada año.
Otros recursos que determine la Junta Directiva que provengan de ingresos generados por intereses de los préstamos, donaciones y comisiones de la administración del Fondo de Crédito Educativo.
Según el proyecto, el Fondo de Crédito Educativo proporcionará los recursos económicos oportunos a estudiantes que deseen cursar una carrera universitaria, postgrado o cursos técnicos y otros artículos dejan claro que el financiamiento de los estudios corresponde a un préstamo del Gobierno a los estudiantes.
Integrantes y atribuciones
La Dirección de Crédito Educativo sería dirigida por una Junta que tendrá un director y la integrarán además, el ministro o un representante del Mescyt; el ministro o un representante del Minerd; el ministro o un representante del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores; el ministro o un representante del Ministerio de la Juventud; un representante de la Superintendencia de Pensiones y Jubilaciones; un representante de la Cámara de Comercio; un representante del Banco de Reservas de la República Dominicana; un representante de la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD); y un representante de la Federación de Estudiantes Dominicanos (FED).
Dentro de las atribuciones de la Dirección de Crédito Educativo están, además, promover servicios de crédito a estudiantes y profesionales de nivel de grado y postgrado tanto a nivel local como internacional; ofrecer servicios de crédito entre estudiantes para que realicen estudios que no se ofrezcan en el país; presentar estudiantes y profesionales dominicanos a organismos internacionales y al Poder Ejecutivo para colocarlos en organismos competentes en la mejor selección de los aspirantes y presentar los candidatos más capaces que llenen los requisitos exigidos por las entidades educativas.
También ofrecer información a los estudiantes que requieras los servicios del departamento; organizar un servicio de apoyo para los estudiantes o profesionales que estudien en el exterior; realizar contratos de préstamos con personas físicas e instituciones, previo los términos legales permitidos por el Estado dominicano y ejercer con la autorización del Mescyt la representación oficial ante organismos del país o del extranjero en reuniones o negociaciones sobre crédito educativo.
Igualmente, coordinar el proceso de preselección o selección para los créditos otorgados por el Estado y aplicar políticas nacionales en materia de crédito educativo con otros organismos que ejercieren actividades similares.
Motivaciones del proyecto
Una de las motivaciones de la propuesta refiere que el costo para realizar una carrera o una maestría en las universidades privadas de República Dominicana es muy elevado, «por eso el factor económico influye de manera directa en la deserción escolar y en la educación superior».
Refiere el proyecto que la rentabilidad de inversión de los Fondos de Pensiones ha sido constante y que actualmente las AFP cobran el 25 % de rentabilidad del Estado.
También, que a pesar de que existen entidades privadas que otorgan créditos educativos, y que se dedican a financiar las carreras de los estudiantes, es necesario crear a lo que interno del Ministerio de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología (Mescyt), una Dirección de Crédito Educativo para el desarrollo educativo integral.
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