El Consejo de Seguridad de ONU acordó ayer prorrogar por un año la misión política que Naciones Unidas tiene en Haití, mientras la organización sigue evaluando cómo ayudar a las autoridades a combatir a las bandas armadas que controlan varias zonas ante las dificultades para encontrar un país dispuesto a liderar el envío de una fuerza policial.
Por unanimidad, los 15 Estados miembros aprobaron una resolución propuesta por Estados Unidos y Ecuador para extender hasta julio del próximo año el mandato de esa misión política, oficialmente conocida como la Oficina Integrada de la ONU en Haití (Binuh).
El Consejo de Seguridad autorizó además un pequeño incremento -de 42 a 70- en el número de personal policial que participa en la misión con el fin de que refuerce su apoyo de formación de la Policía haitiana.
En el texto se aborda además la grave crisis de violencia e inseguridad que vive Haití y se pide un refuerzo de la lucha contra las pandillas que se han hecho fuertes en los últimos años, por ejemplo pidiendo a todos las naciones que cooperen para frenar el tráfico ilícito de armas hacia el país.
Sobre la posibilidad de enviar una fuerza multinacional para ayudar a combatir a esos grupos armados, algo que el Gobierno haitiano solicitó el pasado octubre, el Consejo de Seguridad “anima” a los Estados miembros a “facilitar apoyo de seguridad a la Policía Nacional”, incluyendo a través del “despliegue de una fuerza especializada, previa consulta con actores haitianos”.
Pese a los repetidos llamamientos del secretario general de la ONU, António Guterres, hasta ahora esa fuerza no se ha materializado ante la reticencia de los países a liderarla.
Según fuentes diplomáticas, Estados Unidos y Canadá han encabezado las conversaciones sobre esta posible operación, pero hasta el momento no han mostrado intención de encabezarla y no se ha encontrado a ningún país con capacidad y disposición a hacerlo.
Además, en las últimas semanas Rusia y China se han mostrado escépticas sobre la necesidad de crear esta fuerza multinacional.
En la resolución de hoy, el Consejo de Seguridad pide a Guterres que presente en un plazo de 30 días un informe detallando “el espectro completo de opciones de apoyo que Naciones Unidas puede ofrecer para mejorar la situación de seguridad”.
Ello, según la resolución, debe incluir propuestas para combatir el tráfico de armas, reforzar el entrenamiento de la policía haitiana, respaldo a esa fuerza multinacional o una posible operación de mantenimiento de la paz, una opción esta última que tanto la ONU como Haití rechazan dado el mal recuerdo que dejó en el país la última misión de los “cascos azules”, considerados responsables de propagar una de las peores epidemias de cólera que se recuerdan.
Abinader apoya decisión
El presidente Luis Abinader saludó ayer la decisión adoptada, a través de la resolución 2692 (2023), del Consejo de Seguridad de ONU, de mantener por un año la Oficina Integrada de la ONU en Haití (Binuh), además la decisión de ampliar hasta 70 el personal policial que participa en la misión para brindar capacitación e investigación de la Policía Nacional del vecino país.
Asimismo, a través de su cuenta de Twitter, el mandatario agradeció el llamado del secretario general de la ONU, António Guterres, adoptada en la resolución, quien solicitó que en un plazo de 30 días se presenten opciones que puedan mejorar la situación de seguridad de esa nación, a través del combate de tráfico ilícito y desvío de armas y material conexo, la capacitación adicional para la Policía Nacional de Haití, apoyo a una fuerza multinacional ajena a las Naciones Unidas o una posible operación de mantenimiento de la paz, en el contexto del apoyo a un arreglo político en Haití.
“Saludamos el fortalecimiento del mandato de la @BINUH_UN en Haití por el Consejo de Seguridad ONU; y resaltamos el llamado al secretario general (@UN) para que presente en 30 días opciones para reforzar y abordar de manera definitiva la situación de seguridad en Haití”, escribió Abinader.
República Dominicana, a través del propio Abinader y miembros diplomáticos, ha sido persistente en solicitar en las diversas asambleas de la ONU, una solución para la actual crisis que vive Haití agudizada luego del magnicidio del presidente Jovenel Moise, el 07 junio de 2021.
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