¿Qué hacer para que no se pierda el español en Estados Unidos pese a sus más de 60 millones de latinos? La estigmatización de esta lengua, que habla la mayor comunidad de inmigrantes del país, y la falta de enseñanza formal son sus principales enemigos.
Lingüistas y profesores de español han intentado a lo largo del viernes y sábado dar respuestas en el 2º Congreso organizado por el Instituto Cervantes de Nueva York, nombrado «Lengua e Identidad: Diversidad, Contexto e Inclusión» para impulsar la supervivencia del español en Estados Unidos.
Con un 12.9 % de hablantes, el español es la lengua extranjera más usada del país, muy por delante del chino, que no llega al 1 %.
Pese a ello, Estados Unidos está a años luz del bilingüismo. El 80 % habla solo inglés y a muchos les gustaría que fuera el 100 %, recuerda la profesora de español de la Universidad de Illinois Kim Potowski en el Congreso.
El español no sólo es una lengua «minoritaria, sino minorizada», asegura la experta.
Esto se debe al «acoso» lingüístico en lugares públicos («miradas feas cuando te oyen hablar español»), sumado a la «xenofobia contra lo latinoamericano» y la «estigmatización» del idioma de los migrantes, generalmente en estado de vulnerabilidad.
A ello se suma el «espanglish», un español surgido de la traducción literal o del préstamo de términos ingleses, como «pagar las biles» (facturas) o «llamar para atrás» (call you back), que hace que muchos hablantes, de segunda generación, que son conscientes de las críticas por su español, prefieran el inglés.
Lengua de herencia
Con excepción de los migrantes de primera generación, el inglés es para una gran mayoría de hispanohablantes una «lengua de herencia».
«Son bilingües, pero con el inglés más fuerte», dice Potowski, que lamenta que «a la mayoría se les haya negado la posibilidad de estudiar español», lo que hace que solo el 53 % hablen el idioma de los abuelos.
«En la tercera generación, el dominio del español va a ser muy escaso», predice Sergio Adrada-Rafael, profesor de la Universidad de Fairfield, que recuerda que en Estados Unidos «no hay un solo español».
Los profesores y especialistas tratan de nadar en este mar proceloso para los puristas, al que se ha sumado el lenguaje inclusivo.
Casi nadie trata de imponer un criterio, y menos los profesores de la madre patria, para no ser vistos como «colonizadores» de un idioma en transformación constante, reflejo de la diversidad en la que viven.
Si los 42 millones de hablantes de español en Estados Unidos fueran un país, estaría por detrás de México, Colombia y España.
«No se habla mejor el español en Salamanca que en el Río de la Plata, en Castilla que en México, en Bogotá que en Honduras», tercia el director del Instituto Cervantes, Luis García Montero, en una intervención por vídeo.
La lengua «define a las personas desde el punto de vista social porque la vida es una conversación», agrega el poeta.
«¿Dónde poner los límites?», se pregunta Teresa Nasarre, profesora del departamento de Educación de Nueva York. Y por el bien del propio idioma y de los propios estudiantes, que algún día pueden tener que competir en otros países donde se habla otro español, el «límite es entendernos todos».
Si fuera por localismos, la abogada y editora uruguaya Ana Schein recuerda que hay 120.000 acepciones en Latinoamérica que no están en la Real Academia Española (RAE).
Pero en términos prácticos y en el día a día, el idioma puede ser una barrera para hacerse entender cuando vas al médico, como recordaron el psiquiatra Luis Rojas Marcos y el cárdiólogo Valentín Fuster, el Dr. Corazón que popularizó y llevó la salud a programas infantiles como Barrio Sésamo.
«Entender lo que nos dice es fundamental», subraya el psiquiatra, para quien comprender el entorno sociocultural, incluso de personas con el mismo idioma, también es esencial. «Sabemos que en una segunda lengua, te comunicas de manera diferente» y va a «influir mucho en cómo expresamos los sentimientos».
No obstante, el latino en Estados Unidos «tiene menos acceso a la salud, su salud es peor y la mortalidad más alta», dice Fuster.
Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew of
any widgets I could add to my blog that automatically tweet my newest twitter updates.
I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite some time and was hoping maybe you would
have some experience with something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything.
I truly enjoy reading your blog and I look forward to your new updates.
Pretty! This has been a really wonderful article. Many thanks for
supplying this info.
Hi I am so happy I found your blog page, I really found you by mistake,
while I was looking on Google for something else, Nonetheless I
am here now and would just like to say thank you for a marvelous post and a all round thrilling blog (I also
love the theme/design), I don’t have time to read it all
at the moment but I have saved it and also
added in your RSS feeds, so when I have time I
will be back to read much more, Please do keep up the great b.
I will right away grasp your rss feed as I can’t find your e-mail subscription link
or newsletter service. Do you have any?
Please let me understand in order that I may subscribe.
Thanks.
You need to be a part of a contest for one of the finest blogs on the web.
I’m going to recommend this blog!
Do you mind if I quote a couple of your posts as long as I provide credit and sources back to your webpage?
My blog is in the exact same area of interest as yours
and my visitors would genuinely benefit from some of the information you present here.
Please let me know if this ok with you. Cheers!
справки
Its like you read my mind! You seem to understand so much approximately this, like you wrote the e-book in it or something. I think that you simply could do with some % to force the message house a bit, however other than that, this is fantastic blog. A great read. I’ll definitely be back.
Wow that was unusual. I just wrote an extremely
long comment but after I clicked submit my comment didn’t show up.
Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Regardless, just wanted to say superb blog!
Heya i’m for the primary time here. I came across this board and I find It truly useful & it helped me out a lot. I hope to provide something back and help others like you helped me.
I was recommended this website by my cousin. I am not sure whether this post is written by him as no one else know such detailed about my problem. You are amazing! Thanks!
Hi there, everything is going fine here and ofcourse every one is sharing data, that’s in fact good, keep up writing.
These are truly great ideas in regarding blogging. You have touched some nice points here. Any way keep up wrinting.
Howdy terrific blog! Does running a blog like this take a massive amount work? I have virtually no knowledge of computer programming but I was hoping to start my own blog soon. Anyways, if you have any suggestions or tips for new blog owners please share. I know this is off topic nevertheless I just needed to ask. Kudos!
Hurrah! Finally I got a weblog from where I can in fact take useful data regarding my study and knowledge.
Does your site have a contact page? I’m having problems locating it but, I’d like to send you an e-mail. I’ve got some suggestions for your blog you might be interested in hearing. Either way, great site and I look forward to seeing it expand over time.
I must thank you for the efforts you have put in writing this website. I am hoping to view the same high-grade blog posts from you in the future as well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has motivated me to get my very own website now 😉
I am curious to find out what blog system you have been utilizing? I’m experiencing some minor security problems with my latest website and I would like to find something more safeguarded. Do you have any suggestions?
Nice post. I learn something new and challenging on sites I stumbleupon every day. It will always be interesting to read content from other writers and practice a little something from their sites.
I was very pleased to find this web site. I want to to thank you for your time due to this wonderful read!! I definitely appreciated every bit of it and I have you saved as a favorite to check out new things on your website.
I have been surfing online more than three hours these days, yet I never found any fascinating article like yours. It’s pretty worth enough for me. In my opinion, if all site owners and bloggers made good content as you did, the internet will probably be much more useful than ever before.
Hello there! Do you know if they make any plugins to protect
against hackers? I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything
I’ve worked hard on. Any recommendations?
It’s hard to find knowledgeable people about this topic, but you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks
fantastic issues altogether, you just won a emblem new reader. What may you suggest in regards to your post that you simply made a few days ago? Any positive?
Fantastic website. Plenty of useful info here. I am sending it to a few
buddies ans additionally sharing in delicious. And certainly, thanks to your effort!
Hi there! This blog post could not be written any better! Reading through this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He continually kept talking about this. I most certainly will send this post to him. Fairly certain he’ll have a good read. Thanks for sharing!
Hi, I do believe this is an excellent web site. I stumbledupon it 😉 I’m going to return once again since I bookmarked it. Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and continue to help other people.
hi!,I love your writing so so much! proportion we keep up a correspondence more approximately your post on AOL? I need an expert in this space to solve my problem. May be that is you! Looking forward to see you.
It’s very effortless to find out any topic on net as compared to books, as I found this post at this
web page.
Hey There. I found your blog the use of msn. This is a very smartly written article. I will be sure to bookmark it and come back to read more of your useful information. Thank you for the post. I will definitely comeback.
I am actually thankful to the owner of this website who has shared this impressive article at here.
Hey very interesting blog!
When I originally commented I clicked the «Notify me when new comments are added» checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get three emails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove me from that service? Thanks!
Does your website have a contact page? I’m having a tough time locating it but, I’d like to send you an e-mail. I’ve got some suggestions for your blog you might be interested in hearing. Either way, great website and I look forward to seeing it develop over time.
Awesome things here. I’m very satisfied to peer your article. Thank you so much and I’m taking a look forward to touch you. Will you please drop me a mail?
Thank you for another excellent article. The place else may anybody get that kind of
info in such an ideal means of writing? I’ve a presentation next week, and I’m at
the look for such information.
Because the admin of this site is working, no uncertainty very shortly it will be renowned, due to its
feature contents.
Spot on with this write-up, I honestly think this site needs a lot more attention. I’ll probably be returning to see more, thanks for the information!
Yes! Finally something about %keyword1%.
Yes! Finally something about %keyword1%.
Im not that much of a online reader to be honest but your blogs really nice, keep it up! I’ll go ahead and bookmark your site to come back in the future. All the best
Remarkable! Its actually awesome piece of writing, I have got much clear idea regarding from this post.
I will right away grab your rss as I can not in finding your email subscription link or newsletter service. Do you have any? Please allow me recognise so that I may subscribe. Thanks.
Hey very interesting blog!
Hi, all is going sound here and ofcourse every one is sharing information, that’s actually fine, keep up writing.
Thanks for your personal marvelous posting! I actually enjoyed reading it, you can be a great author. I will be sure to bookmark your blog and will come back in the future. I want to encourage continue your great job, have a nice holiday weekend!
Hello there I am so thrilled I found your weblog, I really found you by error, while I was searching on Digg for something else, Regardless I am here now and would just like to say thank you for a marvelous post and a all round exciting blog (I also love the theme/design), I dont have time to read through it all at the minute but I have book-marked it and also added in your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read a great deal more, Please do keep up the superb jo.
Hey! I know this is kinda off topic nevertheless I’d figured I’d ask. Would you be interested in exchanging links or maybe guest writing a blog article or vice-versa? My website goes over a lot of the same subjects as yours and I feel we could greatly benefit from each other. If you happen to be interested feel free to send me an e-mail. I look forward to hearing from you! Wonderful blog by the way!
Your style is very unique compared to other people I have read stuff from. Thank you for posting when you have the opportunity, Guess I will just bookmark this page.
Today, I went to the beachfront with my kids. I found a sea shell and gave it to my 4 year old daughter and said «You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.» She put the shell to her ear and screamed. There was a hermit crab inside and it pinched her ear. She never wants to go back! LoL I know this is completely off topic but I had to tell someone!
Greetings! This is my first visit to your blog! We are a group of volunteers and starting a new initiative in a community in the same niche. Your blog provided us useful information to work on. You have done a extraordinary job!
My brother suggested I might like this website. He was totally right. This post actually made my day. You cann’t imagine just how much time I had spent for this information! Thanks!
Исключительный частный эротический массаж в Москве телефон
Heya just wanted to give you a quick heads up and let you know a few of the images aren’t loading correctly. I’m not sure why but I think its a linking issue. I’ve tried it in two different browsers and both show the same results.
Hi there would you mind letting me know which hosting company you’re utilizing? I’ve loaded your blog in 3 completely different internet browsers and I must say this blog loads a lot quicker then most. Can you suggest a good internet hosting provider at a reasonable price? Thank you, I appreciate it!
I am extremely inspired with your writing talents and alsosmartly as with the layout for your blog. Is this a paid subject matter or did you customize it yourself? Either way stay up the nice quality writing, it’s rare to see a nice blog like this one these days..
Ahaa, its nice conversation regarding this post here at this website, I have read all that, so now me also commenting here.
Spot on with this write-up, I absolutely believe this web site needs far more attention. I’ll probably be back again to read through more, thanks for the info!
Great goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff previous to and you’re just too fantastic. I really like what you’ve acquired here, really like what you’re stating and the way in which you say it. You make it entertaining and you still take care of to keep it sensible. I can not wait to read far more from you. This is actually a terrific website.
Having read this I thought it was very informative. I appreciate you finding the time and effort to put this information together. I once again find myself spending way too much time both reading and leaving comments. But so what, it was still worth it!
Why users still use to read news papers when in this technological world everything is accessible on net?
I blog frequently and I truly appreciate your content. This article has really peaked my interest. I am going to bookmark your website and keep checking for new information about once a week. I subscribed to your RSS feed as well.
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to make your point. You definitely know what youre talking about, why waste your intelligence on just posting videos to your blog when you could be giving us something enlightening to read?
wonderful publish, very informative. I wonder why the other experts of this sector do not realize this. You should continue your writing. I am sure, you have a huge readers’ base already!
Hi! Quick question that’s entirely off topic. Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly? My website looks weird when viewing from my iphone 4. I’m trying to find a theme or plugin that might be able to correct this problem. If you have any suggestions, please share. With thanks!
I used to be recommended this website through my cousin. I am not positive whether this submit is written via him as no one else understand such certain approximately my problem. You are amazing! Thank you!
you are actually a good webmaster. The site loading velocity is incredible. It sort of feels that you are doing any unique trick. Also, The contents are masterpiece. you have performed a fantastic activity in this topic!
This is a good tip especially to those new to the blogosphere. Brief but very accurate information Many thanks for sharing this one. A must read article!
Nice post. I was checking continuously this blog and I am impressed! Very useful information particularly the last part 🙂 I care for such info a lot. I was seeking this particular info for a long time. Thank you and good luck.
Wonderful goods from you, man. I’ve remember your stuff prior to and you’re simply too fantastic. I really like what you’ve acquired here, really like what you’re stating and the way by which you are saying it. You make it entertaining and you still take care of to stay it smart. I cant wait to read far more from you. This is actually a terrific website.
This is very interesting, You are a very skilled blogger. I have joined your feed and look forward to seeking more of your great post. Also, I have shared your site in my social networks!
Hey There. I found your blog using msn. This is a very well written article. I will be sure to bookmark it and come back to read more of your useful information. Thanks for the post. I will definitely comeback.
It’s difficult to find knowledgeable people about this topic, but you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks
Good way of describing, and pleasant post to take data concerning my presentation subject matter, which i am going to deliver in college.
We are a group of volunteers and starting a new scheme in our community. Your site provided us with helpful information to work on. You have performed an impressive task and our whole community will probably be grateful to you.
Hi, yes this piece of writing is in fact pleasant and I have learned lot of things from it concerning blogging. thanks.
Hmm is anyone else experiencing problems with the images on this blog loading? I’m trying to find out if its a problem on my end or if it’s the blog. Any feedback would be greatly appreciated.
Greate article. Keep posting such kind of info on your blog.
Im really impressed by your blog.
Hello there, You have done a great job. I’ll certainly digg
it and in my opinion recommend to my friends. I’m sure they will be benefited from this website.
https://interpharm.pro/# pharm canada
canadian pharm – internationalpharmacy.icu Consistently excellent, year after year.
What’s up, this weekend is good for me, as this time i am reading this wonderful informative article here at my house.
Hello! I just would like to give you a huge thumbs up for the great info you’ve got here on this post. I will be coming back to your blog for more soon.
Have you ever thought about creating an e-book or guest authoring on other websites? I have a blog based upon on the same subjects you discuss and would really like to have you share some stories/information. I know my viewers would value your work. If you are even remotely interested, feel free to send me an e-mail.
farmacia online piГ№ conveniente migliori farmacie online 2023 acquisto farmaci con ricetta
My programmer is trying to persuade me to move to .net from PHP. I have always disliked the idea because of the expenses. But he’s tryiong none the less. I’ve been using Movable-type on several websites for about a year and am nervous about switching to another platform. I have heard fantastic things about blogengine.net. Is there a way I can transfer all my wordpress content into it? Any kind of help would be really appreciated!
These are actually impressive ideas in regarding blogging. You have touched some nice factors here. Any way keep up wrinting.
I constantly emailed this website post page to all my associates, since if like to read it then my links will too.
Pretty component of content. I simply stumbled upon your blog and in accession capital to claim that I acquire in fact enjoyed account your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing on your augment or even I fulfillment you access persistently rapidly.
http://edapotheke.store/# online apotheke preisvergleich
What’s up, yup this article is actually nice and I have learned lot of things from it about blogging. thanks.
I relish, cause I found exactly what I used to be taking a look for. You have ended my 4 day long hunt! God Bless you man. Have a nice day. Bye
Wow that was odd. I just wrote an really long comment but after I clicked submit my comment didn’t show up. Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Regardless, just wanted to say wonderful blog!
Great post. I am dealing with some of these issues as well..
best canadian pharmacy to order from: safe canadian pharmacy – vipps approved canadian online pharmacy