Precisó que existen disposiciones en la pieza que deben ser revisadas con detenimiento, a fin de adecuarlas a una redacción destinada a salvaguardar la armonía legislativa y a procurar una aplicación efectiva y razonable.
“Esto así que, de permanecer la redacción actual, podrían ocasionar significativos perjuicios al sistema financiero, lesionando –además–, derechos fundamentales y constitucionales protegidos en el país”, alerta la ABA en su misiva.
Entregar datos
La entidad se refiere al artículo 11 de la propuesta legislativa que obligaría a todas las dependencias del Estado, instituciones privadas, o personas naturales a entregar informaciones de sus bases de datos; aunque con la salvedad de que se haría con las limitaciones y observaciones establecidas en la Constitución de la República.
En ese punto, la ABA enfatizó a la Cámara de Diputados que la ley Monetaria y Financiera establece en su artículo 56 acápite b, la colaboración de información de las entidades de intermediación financiera (EIF), bajo la “obligación de confidencialidad” creando un esquema especial de tramitación.
Destacó que, conforme a esa legislación, las informaciones se pueden solicitar de manera directa, sin autorización judicial previa, o a través de la Superintendencia de Bancos o de Valores, debiendo ser respondidas en un plazo no mayor de 10 días laborales.
Además, que los tribunales podrán ordenar la entrega de la información bancaria o financiera que resulte necesaria en el conocimiento de los casos, de cualquier naturaleza. De igual modo, que el Ministerio Público, previa autorización judicial, podrá requerir información de manera directa a las entidades de intermediación financiera o a los participantes del mercado de valores, a través de la Superintendencia de Bancos o de Valores, según corresponda.
“Aclaramos que esta modulación persigue eliminar cualquier distorsión o riesgo que pueda surgir del acceso indiscriminado a la información, de manera que los requerimientos sobre información que manejen las EIF siempre agoten una misma vía, tengan un único sujeto –ya determinado– y una finalidad específica”, aduce.
Artículo 11 en ley
La prerrogativa referente a la entrega de informaciones establece en el párrafo II que: “Las entidades públicas y privadas deberán permitir que la Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia (DNI) pueda llevar a cabo la recolección de informaciones que figuren asentadas en sus bases de datos y acceder a las que se produzcan mediante el uso de las tecnologías y de los servicios de telecomunicaciones”.
Sobre ese particular, la Asociación de Bancos Múltiples de la República Dominicana hizo hincapié en que lo establecido en el caso de las entidades de intermediación financiera -EIF-, además de no ser posible por los motivos legales planteados, pone en riesgo la estabilidad del sistema financiero.
“El acceso directo de las informaciones de la base de datos de la EIF mediante el uso de las TIC (Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación), vulnera la confianza sobre la cual se fundamenta el sistema, así como el derecho a la protección de datos personales y privacidad que fundamenta la Constitución”, afirma la carta de Ruiz.
La propuesta
El proyecto fue sometido al Congreso Nacional por el Poder Ejecutivo el 22 de junio de 2021, pero perimió y fue reintroducido con una enmienda por el senador oficialista Milciades Franjul. Vendría a crear la Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia (DNI), (en sustitución del Departamento Nacional de Investigaciones, actual DNI) y el Sistema Nacional de Inteligencia.
La iniciativa establece que “se hace necesario precisar los objetivos y redefinir las funciones asignadas al actual DNI reestructurando su organización interna y dotándola de herramientas que le permitan mayor eficiencia en sus acciones de inteligencia, las cuales deben sujetarse a controles que garanticen los derechos fundamentales y libertades de los ciudadanos”.
El proyecto para ser ley deberá ser conocido en la próxima legislatura ordinaria que inicia el 27 de febrero.
La ABA sugirió a los diputados que para el caso de la EIFs se hagan las aclaraciones pertinentes, a fin de que las entidades puedan colaborar con la entrega de la información de forma correcta, razonable y conforme a la ley. En ese sentido, propuso modificar el párrafo IV del artículo 11, del proyecto de ley del DNI.El actual párrafo IV del proyecto de ley reza: “Las informaciones que se deben entregar a la Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia (DNI), según lo establecido en este artículo, se hará con las limitaciones y observaciones establecidas en la Constitución de la República”.La ABA recomienda su reforma para que se incorpore en el texto “las Leyes Sectoriales”. De ser tomada en cuenta la observación el párrafo IV indicaría: “Las informaciones que se deben entregar a la Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia (DNI), según lo establecido en este artículo, se hará con las limitaciones y observaciones establecidas en la Constitución de la República y las Leyes Sectoriales”.
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